Partially Reversible Chronic Renal Failure Due to Long-term Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A case of partially reversible chronic renal failure due tolong-term NSAID use is discussed. An analysis of this and similarcases recently reported indicates many similarities betweenchronic NSAID nephropathy and analgesic nephropathy.     

大黄对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大及高滤过作用的影响

肾脏肥大和高滤过是糖尿病肾病出现最早的病理生理特征。本研究利用中药大黄抑制糖尿病的肾脏肥大,试图达到控制其高滤过现象。实验结果表明,大黄能明显地抑制糖尿病肾脏肥大及其组织中蛋白质、DNA含量的增加;大黄治疗组的菊粉清除率明显低于非治疗组;此外,大黄还能使糖尿病血清甘油三酯、胆固醇水平降低。结论:大黄可以通过影响糖尿病肾病肾脏肥大,降低高滤过和纠正血脂代谢紊乱,治疗实验性糖尿病肾病动物模型。     

A REPRODUCIBLE MODEL OF CHRONIC REJECTION IN RAT RENAL ALLOGRAFTS

A reproducible animal model is essential for the study of the pathogenesis of chronic rejection. This study investigates: (i) the optimal pre-transplant blood transfusion conditions to induce tolerance in a strongly rejecting rat kidney allograft model (Dark Agouti to Albino-Surgery) and avoiding post-transplant immunosuppression; (ii) the functional and histological changes that occur in long-term surviving kidneys and their similarity to chronic rejection; and (iii) the maintenance of tolerance. Prolonged survival occurred after administration of at least two donor blood transfusions with concomitant cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg per day). The time-span between transfusions appeared to be critical: 4 days was more effective than 2 or 7 days. Ineffective treatment led to death within the first 2 weeks post-transplant with histological evidence of acute graft rejection. Seventy-five per cent of long-term survivors experienced impaired renal function in the first week which improved spontaneously and remained stable in 93% of the surviving animals after 100 days and in 668 after 200 days. The morphology of long-term allografts was extremely variable from minor to extensive tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerular hypertrophy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and vascular changes. Glomerular hypertrophy occurred in uninephrectomized controls and probably denoted a response to uninephrectomy. Glomerulosclerosis increased with time and was absent in controls. Although chronic damage was evident, the rats remained tolerant to fresh donor skin. Replacement of the original kidney allograft with a fresh donor kidney resulted in 70% survival. These second grafts showed less severe renal dysfunction and morphological damage than the original allografts in the long-term follow up.     

肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒IgE和IgA抗体检测

采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测２３名肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）抗体，共检出１８名（７８％）活动性ＣＭＶ感染，其中１０名（４４％）为原发性感染。结果证实ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＥ和－ＩｇＡ具有较好的血清学诊断价值，优于ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ。     

实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏损害和脂质过氧化物水平的动态研究

动态观察实验性糖尿病大鼠于发病后２、４、６、１２、和１６周肾脏损害指标和肾脏脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）水平的变化。结果表明，发病后各观察时间．或糖尿病大鼠２４ｈ尿Ａｌｂ、β２──ＭＧ排泄量和尿ＮＡＧ活性均明显增高，而２４ｈ尿ＴＨＰ排泄量显著降低，肾脏ＬＰＯ水平明显升高。其中尿ＮＡＧ活性、ＴＨＰ排泄量和肾脏ＬＰＯ水平均随病程延长而更趋明显。这些结果提示，在糖尿病早期除有肾小球功能损害外，肾小管也明显受损，过氧化损伤在糖尿病肾病发病中可能是重要因素之一。尿Ａｌｂ、β２──ＭＧ、ＴＨＰ含量和ＮＡＧ活性可作为糖尿病肾病早期肾损害的敏感指标。     

Acute Oxalate Nephropathy: A New Etiology for Acute Renal Failure Following Nonrenal Solid Organ Transplantation

Acute renal insufficiency (ARI) is a frequent complication of nonrenal solid organ transplantation and may be responsible for an unfavorable outcome, particularly if dialysis is required. The etiology of post-transplantation ARI is poorly understood, with only isolated clinical cases being reported, most imputed to drug toxicity. We report here, the first three observations of irreversible ARI associated with acute oxalate nephropathy (AON) in the course of nonrenal organ transplants: a lung transplant and a lung-liver transplant in two patients with mucoviscidosis, and a cardiac transplant. The diagnosis of AON was made histologically. In all three cases, the ARI supervened after prolonged consumption of antibiotics capable of interfering with the colonic flora, and leading to enteric hyperoxaluria. The recognition of AON as a cause of post-transplantation, ARI underlines hyperoxaluria and digestive hyperabsorption of oxalate as specific risk factors for AON and should permit better posttransplant care of these patients.     

科素亚与洛汀新治疗Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的疗效比较

目的比较ARB类与ACEI类减少Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病尿蛋白的疗效。方法100例糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者随机分为2组,分别应用科素亚、洛汀新治疗8周,检测并对比实验前后24 h尿蛋白总量。结果科素亚与洛汀新对降低Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白量的效果相似。结论ARB与ACEI类药物减少Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白量的疗效无差异。     

吗替麦考酚酯联合激素治疗膜性肾病的临床观察

目的 对吗替麦考酚酯（MMF）联合皮质类固醇激素治疗膜性肾病的疗效及副作用进行初步观察，并对其中特发性膜性肾病（IMN）与乙型肝炎病毒相关性膜性肾病（HBV-MN）的疗效进行比较。方法对我科25例膜性肾病患者（IMN12例；HBV-MN13例，其中12例HBV-DNA阴性，肝功能均正常，采用MMF（始量1．5g／d，渐减量至0．5g／d，疗程6～18个月）及泼尼松（始量40～60mg／d，3个月后渐减量至5～10mg／d维持）联合治疗。1例血清HBV-DNA低度阳性的患者同时口服拉米呋定。定期观察血常规、尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血脂、血肌酐及肝功能变化，血HBsAg阳性患者定期检查血HBV-DNA。结果治疗6、12、18个月，疗效随时间延长而增加。治疗18个月时肾病综合征完全缓解率为63．6％，总有效率达90．9％；尿蛋白定量从（7．4±3．2）g／d降至（0．6±1．1）g／d（P〈0．1）1），血清白蛋自从（23．7±5．9）g／L升至（42．5±6．0）g／L（P〈0．01），血清总胆固醇及甘油三脂也显著下降（P％0．115），而血肌酐无变化（P〉0．05）。药物副作用轻。IMN组与HBV-MN组患者疗效及副作用皆无显著差异（P〉0．115）。结论MMF联合激素可应用于膜性肾病的治疗，包括IMN及肝炎病毒复制指标阴性及肝功能正常的HBV-MN。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清中TNF-α、NO与ET的水平变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者血清肿瘤坏死因子仅（TNF-α）、一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET）的水平变化及其临床意义。方法：用ELISA法检测91例2型糖尿病患者血清TNF-α水平，NO与ET的水平分别用硝酸还原酶法和放射免疫法测定。结果：2型糖尿病肾病各组患者TNF-α和ET水平较对照组明显升高，其中ODN组最高（P〈0．01）。而2型糖尿病肾病各组患者血清NO水平较对照组明显减少（P〈0．01）。显性糖尿病肾病患者血清TNF-α和ET呈正相关；血清TNF-α和NO、ET和NO均成负相关。结论：TNF-α、NO与ET可能参与2型糖尿病肾病的发病及病程变化过程，检测患者TNF-α、NO与ET水平可作为判断预后、指导治疗的指标。     

糖尿病大鼠肾组织中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的表达及意义

目的：探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP—1)在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达及其意义。方法：用链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型。采用免疫组化及多媒体彩色病理图文分析系统观察肾小球及肾小管中MCP-1的表达。结果：糖尿病大鼠肾小球及肾小管中MCP—1的表达显著上调。结论：MCP-1在糖尿病肾病发病机制中发挥重要作用。